多條sql執(zhí)行時如果在中間的語句出現(xiàn)錯誤，后續(xù)會不會直接執(zhí)行，如何進(jìn)行設(shè)定，以及其他數(shù)據(jù)庫諸如MySQL是如何對應(yīng)的，這篇文章將會進(jìn)行簡單的整理和說明。

環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

使用Oracle的精簡版創(chuàng)建docker方式的demo環(huán)境。

多行語句的正常執(zhí)行

對上篇文章創(chuàng)建的兩個字段的學(xué)生信息表，正常添加三條數(shù)據(jù)，詳細(xì)如下：

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. > desc student
3. > select * from student;
4. > insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
5. > insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
6. > insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
7. > commit;
8. > select * from student;
9. > EOF
10. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018
11. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
12. Connected to:
13. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
14. SQL> Name    Null?  Type
15.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
16.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
17.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
18. SQL>
19. no rows selected
20. SQL>
21. 1 row created.
22. SQL>
23. 1 row created.
24. SQL>
25. 1 row created.
26. SQL>
27. Commit complete.
28. SQL>
29.    STUID STUNAME
30. ---------- --------------------------------------------------
31.    1001 liumiaocn
32.    1002 liumiao
33.    1003 michael
34. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
35. #

多行語句中間出錯時的缺省動作

問題：

三行insert語句，如果中間的一行出錯，缺省的狀況下第三行會不會被插入進(jìn)去？

我們將第二條insert語句的主鍵故意設(shè)定重復(fù)，然后進(jìn)行確認(rèn)第三條數(shù)據(jù)是否會進(jìn)行插入即可。

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. desc student
3. delete from student;
4. select * from student;
5. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
6. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
7. insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
8. select * from student;
9. commit;> > > > >   
10. > EOF
11. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018
12. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
13. Connected to:
14. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
15. SQL> Name    Null?  Type
16.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
17.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
18.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
19. SQL>
20. 2 rows deleted.
21. SQL>
22. no rows selected
23. SQL>
24. 1 row created.
25. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
26. *
27. ERROR at line 1:
28. ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
29. SQL>
30. 1 row created.
31. SQL>
32.    STUID STUNAME
33. ---------- --------------------------------------------------
34.    1001 liumiaocn
35.    1003 michael
36. SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
37. #

結(jié)果非常清晰地表明是會繼續(xù)執(zhí)行的，在oracle中通過什么來對其進(jìn)行控制呢？

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很簡單，在oracle中通過WHENEVER SQLERROR來進(jìn)行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行設(shè)定，即會在失敗的時候立即推出，接下來我們進(jìn)行確認(rèn)：

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
3. desc student
4. delete from student;
5. select * from student;
6. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
7. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
8. insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
9. select * from student;
10. commit;> > > > > > > > >
11. > EOF
12. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018
13. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
14. Connected to:
15. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
16. SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
17.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
18.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
19.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
20. SQL>
21. 2 rows deleted.
22. SQL>
23. no rows selected
24. SQL>
25. 1 row created.
26. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
27. *
28. ERROR at line 1:
29. ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
30. Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
31. #

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE則和缺省方式下的行為一致，出錯仍然繼續(xù)執(zhí)行

1. # sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
2. WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
3. desc student
4. delete from student;
5. select * from student;
6. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
7. insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
8. insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
9. select * from student;
10. commit;> > > > > > > > >
11. > EOF
12. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018
13. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
14. Connected to:
15. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
16. SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
17.  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
18.  STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
19.  STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
20. SQL>
21. 1 row deleted.
22. SQL>
23. no rows selected
24. SQL>
25. 1 row created.
26. SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
27. *
28. ERROR at line 1:
29. ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
30. SQL>
31. 1 row created.
32. SQL>
33.    STUID STUNAME
34. ---------- --------------------------------------------------
35.    1001 liumiaocn
36.    1003 michael
37. SQL>
38. Commit complete.
39. SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
40. #

Mysql中類似的機制

mysql中使用source是否提供相關(guān)的類似機制的問題中，最終引入了Oracle此項功能在mysql中引入的建議，詳細(xì)請參看：

https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=73177

所以目前這只是一個sqlplus端的強化功能，并非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不同數(shù)據(jù)庫需要確認(rèn)相應(yīng)的功能是否存在。

小結(jié)

Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR進(jìn)行出錯控制是否繼續(xù)，本文給出的例子非常簡單，詳細(xì)功能的使用可根據(jù)文中列出的Usage進(jìn)行自行驗證和探索。

總結(jié)

以上就是Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫多條sql執(zhí)行語句出現(xiàn)錯誤時的控制方式的全部內(nèi)容了，希望本文的內(nèi)容對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值。